Descriptive Statistics Analysis and Write-up.
University of Maryland University College
STAT200 – Assignment #2: Descriptive Statistics Analysis and Write-up
Identifying Information
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Date:
Introduction:
The sample contains 30 samples of households from a population. The variables includes the marital status of the individual leading the household, income, age of the head, family size, annual expenditures, housing, electricity and water costs. The five variables selected for the analysis include income, Family, Marital Status, Water and Electricity.
Table 1. Variables Selected for the Analysis
| Variable Name in data set | Description | Type of Variable (Qualitative or Quantitative) |
| Variable 1: “Income” | Annual household income in USD. | Quantitative |
| Variable 2: “Family Size” | Total people in the family living at home (adults and children) | Quantitative |
| Variable 3: “Marital Status” | Married or not married | Qualitative |
| Variable 4: “Water” | Money annually spent on water usage | Quantitative |
| Variable 5: “Electricity” | Money annual spent on the electric bill | Quantitative |
Data Set Description and Method Used for Analysis:
Results:
Variable 1: Income
Numerical Summary
Table 2. Descriptive Analysis for Variable 1
| Variable | n | Measure(s) of Central Tendency | Measure(s) of Dispersion |
| Variable: Income | 30 | Arrange the data in ascending order 94867,94929,95366,95385,95744,95922,96207,96522,96572,96621,96664,96690,96697,96727,96886,96928,97469,97663,97835,97912,97977,100350,100565,100693,103144,106627,109312,111195,112559,114051 The middle numbers are 96886 + 96928 = 193814/2 Median = 96907 Mean = 94867+94929+95366+95385+95744+95922+96207+96522+96572+96621+96664,96690+96697+96727+96886+96928+97469+97663+97835+97912+97977+100350+100565+100693+103144+106627+109312+111195+112559+114051 = 2986079 Mean = 2986079/30 = 99535.966666667 |
Graph and/or Table: Histogram of Income
Description of Findings
The data provided shows the highest number of households has an income between the range of 95,000 – 100,000. The median also fall within the same range. For the sample the Standard deviation is low at 5516.5698. The points do not deviate greatly from the mean
Variable 2: Family Size
Numerical Summary
Table 3. Descriptive Analysis for Variable 2
| Variable | n | Measure(s) of Central Tendency | Measure(s) of Dispersion |
| Variable: Family Size | 30 |
Graph and/or Table
Description of Findings
The graph shows that the number of households increase with the decrease in members within the household. The average family size is 3.1 with the smallest household being one member family and the largest household having 6 members.
Variable 3: Marital Status
Numerical Summary
Table 4. Descriptive Analysis for Variable 3
| Variable | n | Measure(s) of Central Tendency | Measure(s) of Dispersion |
| Variable: “Marital Status | 30 | Let Not Married be 1 Married be 0 Hence the data is represented as 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 In ascending order 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 Median =( 0+1)/2 ½ 0.5 |
Graph and/or Table
Description of Findings
The number of households being led by married individuals is equal to that of households led by unmarried people.
Variable 4: Water
Numerical Summary
Table 5. Descriptive Analysis for Variable 4
| Variable | N | Mean/Median | St. Dev. |
| Variable 4: Water | 30 | Data in ascending order: 520, 523, 523, 535, 537, 538, 540, 542, 545, 546, 552, 553, 553, 555, 565, 585, 588, 597, 626, 626, 641, 674, 684, 689, 696, 709, 743, 794, 796, 818 The mode is 523,553,626. Mean = 520+ 523+ 523+535+ 537, 538, 540, 542+545+546+ 552+553+ 553+ 555+ 565+ 585+ 588+ 597+ 626+ 626+ 641+ 674+ 684+ 689+ 696+ 709+ 743+794+796+ 818 = 18393 18393/30 = 613.1 |
Graph and/or Table
Description of Findings
The data indicated that the highest number of households spend between $500-$570. However, the average expenditure of water for the sample is 613.1 which higher than the modal range. Water expenditure is skewed.
Variable 5: Electricity
Numerical Summary
Table 6. Descriptive Analysis for Variable 5
| Variable | n | Measure(s) of Central Tendency | Measure(s) of Dispersion |
| Variable: Electricity | 30 | Range = Max x – Min x Sorted data = 1297, 1298, 1302, 1310, 1320, 1326, 1354, 1358, 1386, 1405, 1441, 1450, 1450, 1451, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1455, 1457, 1465, 1469, 1478, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1485, 1504, 1514, 1688 1688 – 1297 = 391 Range = 391 Median = 1451+ 1452 = 2903/2 1451.5 Mean = |
Graph and/or Table
Description of Findings
Most households from the sample spend between 1430-1520 on electricity and the mean falls within the same range. Additionally, the standard deviation is low at 83.7557 which show that the overall data is close to the mean.
Discussion and Conclusion
The income earned by most households fall under the same range between 95000 and 100,000. More than three quarters of the households earn an income between these ranges, the rest of the households earn above 90000 and the highest earn 11000. The highest expenditure within the analysis variables is electricity with the highest household paying $1688. Water has the lowest expenditure with the cost going up to $520 for some households.
Electricity is the best place to save money spent on expenditures. Each individual in a household spends electricity in their daily operations and can find small but significant ways of saving electricity used. Electronics used by each person contributes to the energy spent. If each person in a household contributed to the exercise, the amount saved on electricity would be statistically significant.